The US–Soviet competition in space, from Sputnik to the Moon.
Historical background
The Soviet Union launched Sputnik in October 1957 and sent Yuri Gagarin into orbit in 1961. Both achievements showed how rocket technology could reshape the rivalry between the Cold War powers.
The United States made a crewed Moon landing a national goal. Apollo 11 landed in July 1969. Later joint missions showed how some of the technology and experience built in competition could also support cooperation.



